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European Journal of Psychological Assessment

ISSN: 1015-5759
Subject: psychology
Published by Hogrefe & Huber Publishing Group

No Issue Number

Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Feelings Toward Group Work Questionnaire
The present study examined the psychometric properties (factor structure, internal and test-retest reliability, convergent and criterion-related validity, social desirability effect, and experimental validity) of the Greek version of the Feelings Toward Group Work questionnaire. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a clear three-factor structure, identical with the English version. Also, the results showed adequate internal and test-retest reliability, predicted correlations with self- and peer ratings of the Multisource Assessment of Children Social Competence, nonsignificant correlations with Social Desirability Scale, and significant pre- and posttest differences from the application of a cooperative learning program. Overall, the results showed that the Greek version of the scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for research in cooperative learning with Greek samples.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Articles</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.204</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Marios Goudas, University of Thessaly, <location>Trikala, Greece</location></li><li>Evmorfia Magotsiou, University of Thessaly, <location>Trikala, Greece</location></li><li>Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, University of Thessaly, <location>Trikala, Greece</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">
</a></li><li>
Print
ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 25</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/k0lmm734q578/">Volume 25, Number 3 / 2009</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Self-Perceived Creativity

In view of unclear previous findings about the validity of self-assessed creativity, the hypothesis guiding the present study was that validity would be proven if self-assessed creativity was examined with respect to a specific domain, specific product, specific aspects of creativity, and in terms of specific criteria. The participants were 52 architecture students. The experimental task was to design a small museum in a described context. After completing the task, the students self-assessed their creativity in designing with seven open-ended questions, the Self-Assessment of Creative Design questionnaire, and a list of seven items tapping affective metacognitive aspects of the designing process. Thus, 21 creativity indicators were formed. Four expert architects, working independently, assessed the designs on nine creativity indicators: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, functionality, innovation, fulfilling specified design requirements, considering context, mastery of skills concerning the esthetics of the design representation, and overall creativity. The agreement among the architects’ evaluations was very high. The correlations between the nine corresponding indicators in students’ assessment of their design and those of the experts were positive and significant with respect to three indicators: fluency, flexibility, and overall creativity. On the contrary, the correlations of the rest noncorresponding indicators with those of the experts were not significant. The findings support the validity of self-assessed creativity with specific restrictions.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.194
- Authors
  - Shulamith Kreitler, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
  - Hernan Casakin, Ariel University Center of Samaria, Israel
Measuring Parenting Dimensions in Middle Childhood
Questionnaire ratings were used to obtain child, mother, and father ratings on three major parenting dimensions (behavioral control, psychological control, and support) in a sample of 600 children aged 8-to-10 years old. Results indicated that mothers, fathers, and children were able to reliably differentiate between the three parenting dimensions by means of questionnaire ratings. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested by analyzing a multitrait-multimethod matrix via confirmatory factor analysis. Convergence between mothers and fathers was satisfactory, while convergence between child and parents was significant, but fairly low. Discriminant validity was sufficiently supported, whereas informant-specific error was related to both child and father ratings. Criterion validity of the parenting dimension with regard to child behavior was established. Overall, behavioral control and support were positively associated with child prosocial behavior, while psychological control was positively correlated with child conduct problems, and to a lesser extent with child internalizing problems. The nature and implications of these findings are discussed.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Articles</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.133</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Sofie Kuppens, Centre for Parenting, Child Welfare & Disabilities, Department of Educational Sciences, K.U. Leuven, <location>Belgium</location></li><li>Hans Grietens, Centre for Parenting, Child Welfare & Disabilities, Department of Educational Sciences, K.U. Leuven, <location>Belgium</location></li><li>Patrick Onghena, Centre for Methodology of Educational Research, Department of Educational Sciences, K.U. Leuven, <location>Belgium</location></li><li>Daisy Michiels, Centre for Parenting, Child Welfare & Disabilities, Department of Educational Sciences, K.U. Leuven, <location>Belgium</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">
</a></li><li>
Print
ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 25</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/k0lmm734q578/">Volume 25, Number 3 / 2009</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Personality Adjective Checklist (GPAC)

This study presents the development and the psychometric properties of the Greek Personality Adjective Checklist (GPAC), a new instrument assessing personality in the Greek population. The GPAC is based on the lexical hypothesis tradition and its theoretical framework was derived from the emic study of the Greek personality lexicon ( Saucier, Georgiades, Tsaousis, & Goldberg, 2005 ). It consists of 94 adjectives measuring six concrete dimensions: Even Temper, Introversion/Melancholia, Prowess/Heroism, Agreeableness/Positive Affect, Conscientiousness, and Negative Valence/Honesty. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a six-factor solution for the structure of Greek personality. Additional results provided empirical evidence for the reliability of the GPAC. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for the six scales ranged between .85 and .95. The test-retest correlation coefficients ranged between .71 and .85. Finally, preliminary results provided evidence of construct validity based on convergence correlations with other personality measures such as the Traits Personality Questionnaire 5 (TPQue5), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the 50 Big Five Factor Markers (50 BFFM), as well as other criterion personality measures such as the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). It is concluded that the GPAC is a reliable and valid measure, useful for the assessment of normal personality in the Greek population.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.164
- Authors
  - Ioannis Tsaousis, University of Crete, Department of Psychology, Greece
  - Stelios Georgiades, McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Progress Toward Construct Validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ)

This study examines the construct validity of an original self-report instrument for the assessment of mental toughness: the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). Two independent studies supported a three-factor (Confidence, Constancy, and Control) 14-item model for the SMTQ. With a sample of 633 athletes (427 males, 206 females; M age = 21.5 years; SD = 5.48), drawn from 25 sport classifications, and competing at international, national, county and provincial, or club and regional standards, the first study utilized item development and exploratory factor analytic techniques to establish the psychometric properties of the SMTQ. Study 2 employed confirmatory factor analytic techniques with an independent sample of 509 sports performers (351 males, 158 females; M age = 20.2 years; SD = 3.35), competing at the aforementioned standards, and representative of 26 sports. Confirmatory analysis using structural equation modeling confirmed the overall structure. A single factor underlying mental toughness (G mt ) was identified with higher-order exploratory factor analysis using the Schmid-Leiman procedure. Collectively, satisfying absolute and incremental fit-index benchmarks, the inventory was shown to possess satisfactory psychometric properties, with adequate reliability, divergent validity, and discriminative power. The results revealed promising features of the SMTQ, lending preliminary support to the instrument’s factorial validity and reliability. Further construct validation of the SMTQ is recommended, including its use as an index for evaluating the effect of intervention programs.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
- Authors
  - Michael Sheard, York St John University, York, UK
  - Jim Golby, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK
  - Anna van Wersch, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK
Assessment of Psychopathic Traits in Children and Adolescents
The study examined the reliability and validity of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) and the Childhood Psychopathy Scale (CPS) in a community sample of 182 Flemish adolescents in the age range of 9 to 19 years. Data were gathered by means of parent, teacher, and self-report, and the factor structure was examined by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistencies of the resulting scales and associations with measures of disruptive behavior disorders and internalizing problem behaviors were explored. Results confirmed the underlying a priori structure of both APSD and CPS.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Articles</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.157</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Patricia Bijttebier, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, <location>Belgium</location></li><li>Stef Decoene, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, <location>Belgium</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">
</a></li><li>
Print
ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 25</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/k0lmm734q578/">Volume 25, Number 3 / 2009</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Structure and Correlates of the German Version of the Brief UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales
The article proposes a shortened German version of the UPPS impulsive behavior scales. In Study 1, 149 high-school students completed the UPPS questionnaire, a Big-Five questionnaire, additional established self-report scales to measure conscientiousness and impulsivity, as well as tests of working memory capacity, reasoning, and clerical speed. Measurement models were applied to the full translated UPPS scales using confirmatory factor analysis. A satisfactory measurement model could be established only by removing many of the initial items. The remaining items correlated as expected with other self-report and ability measures: Substantial correlations with impulsivity and conscientiousness contrasted with zero correlations with working memory and reasoning ability. The association between impulsivity factors and perceptual speed was primarily a result of the number of solved items rather than the number of mistakes in the speed tasks. In Study 2 the reduced item set from Study 1 was administered to 246 participants to replicate the model. The fit of this model supports the construct validity of the final item set. The generally low correlations of the UPPS with cognitive variables questions interpretations of self-reported impulsivity that are overly focused on cognition. More appropriate cognitive criteria for impulsivity constructs should be established.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Articles</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.175</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Doris Keye, Institute for Progress in Education, Humboldt-University Berlin, <location>Berlin, Germany</location></li><li>Oliver Wilhelm, Institute for Progress in Education, Humboldt-University Berlin, <location>Berlin, Germany</location></li><li>Klaus Oberauer, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, <location>UK</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">
</a></li><li>
Print
ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 25</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/k0lmm734q578/">Volume 25, Number 3 / 2009</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Broad Motives in Short Scales

We introduce a new questionnaire that measures interindividual differences in five motivational systems (security, arousal, power, prestige, and achievement) with six items per scale. As a theoretical base for our work we referred to the Zurich model of social motivation, which describes and models these motivational systems in a system-theoretic way. The questionnaire is formulated in German and called Motive Profile Following the Zurich Model (MPZM). Data indicate that the questionnaire shows good psychometric properties with Cronbach’s α > 0.73 and an excellent factorial structure ( n = 1,243). To assess convergent and discriminant validity, the MPZM was compared with the Personality Research Form (PRF-D), the Multimotive Grid (MMG) and the NEO-FFI in a multitrait-multimethod analysis and a scale-level factor analysis ( n = 190). The MPZM showed convergent validity to content-matched scales of the PRF ( r = 0.55), no differentiated relationship to the MMG, and few correlations to the NEO-FFI. First indications of external validity were studied through biographical data. MPZM was able to predict them with adjusted multiple R s of up to r = 0.40 and outperformed both the NEO-FFI and MMG in predictive power and incremental validity.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.141
- Authors
  - Felix D. Sch�nbrodt, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany
  - Sven R. Unkelbach, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Germany
  - Frank M. Spinath, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Germany
Measuring State Disgust
The aim of the present analysis was to develop and evaluate a state disgust questionnaire (Ekel-State-Fragebogen, ESF) in German, considering three student sample studies. Twenty-six items were constructed using information drawn from literature research and from the self-report of subjects after an induction of disgust. In Study 1, the questionnaire was given to 160 subjects after disgust induced by a film sequence and in a second session without induction. Study 2 had an experimental design where disgust or positive mood was induced by scents (60 subjects), followed by a state disgust measurement. Study 3, a repeated measure design, involved 102 subjects in whom disgust, fear, and neutral mood were induced by film sequences. Data from all three studies supported a one-factor solution. The ESF showed the highest means in disgust conditions. The correlations of the ESF with state anxiety (STAI State) ranged from .68 to .79, with trait disgust from .42 to .48 in disgust conditions, and with trait anxiety from .24 to .41. Thus, the ESF showed good results in measuring state disgust in a specific, reliable, and valid manner. Based on these results, a short version of 15 items was developed.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Articles</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.150</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Jan Marten Ihme, Leibniz Institute for Science Education (IPN), University of Kiel, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Kristin Mitte, Department of Psychology, University of Jena, <location>Germany</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">
</a></li><li>
Print
ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 25</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/k0lmm734q578/">Volume 25, Number 3 / 2009</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Hogrefe OpenMind – Your Road to Open Access
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Editorial
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.131
- Authors
  - Karl Schweizer, Editor-in-Chief, EJPA (2009)
  - Eric E.J. De Bruyn, Editor-in-Chief, EJPA (Retiring)
  - G.-J�rgen Hogrefe, Publisher & CEO, Hogrefe Publishing Group
Assessing Cognitive Interference Using the Emotional Stroop Task in Students with and Without Attention Problems

The present study describes the Emotional Stroop Task as a means to assess cognitive interference triggered by emotional stimuli in elementary school students with and without attention problems. Using the Emotional Stroop Task in a computerized environment and employing samples of students with and without attention problems (111 without and 29 with attention problems), results indicated that prolonged latencies to stimuli with heavy emotional content related to their school experiences were predictive of students’ membership, after controlling for their gender and grade levels. These effects were independent of students’ processing ability as indicated by the lack of significant differences in reaction time to neutral stimuli. It is concluded that the Emotional Stroop Task can be used to assess cognitive interference in emotionally charged conditions across groups of students.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.2.99
- Authors
  - Georgios D. Sideridis, University of Crete, Greece
FACT-2 – The Frankfurt Adaptive Concentration Test
The Frankfurt Adaptive Concentration Test (FACT-2) requires discrimination between geometric target and nontarget items as quickly and accurately as possible. Three forms of the FACT-2 were constructed, namely FACT-I, FACT-S, and FACT-SR. The aim of the present study was to investigate the convergent validity of the FACT-SR with self-reported cognitive failures. The FACT-SR and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) were completed by 191 participants. The measurement models confirmed the concentration performance, concentration accuracy, and concentration homogeneity dimensions of FACT-SR. The four dimensions of the CFQ (i.e., memory, distractibility, blunders, and names) were not confirmed. The results showed moderate convergent validity of concentration performance, concentration accuracy, and concentration homogeneity with two CFQ dimensions, namely memory and distractibility/blunders.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Articles</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.2.73</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Frank Goldhammer, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt a.M.,<location>Germany</location></li><li>Helfried Moosbrugger, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt a.M.,<location>Germany</location></li><li>Sabine A. Krawietz, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN,<location>USA</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">
</a></li><li>
Print
ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 25</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/q36382w23830/">Volume 25, Number 2 / 2009</a></li> </ul> </ul>
The Real Animal Size Test (RAST)

Inhibitory control disturbances are reported in numerous developmental and acquired neuropsychological disorders of young children. In this study, a new assessment tool, the Real Animal Size Test (RAST) was tested. It includes four conditions: The first two conditions assess speed of processing and require making quick decisions, by pressing a response key, on the real size of animals and the on-screen size of big or small rectangles; the third and fourth condition (combined into one) require the child to decide the real size of animals displayed in congruent or incongruent size on the screen. Participants in the study were 90 children aged 5–9 years old. The results confirmed that the RAST provides a good measure of inhibitory control in children. In a second experiment, 15 children 5–9 years old with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD) participated; the RAST was also administered. The clinical pertinence of the RAST for ADHD symptoms is discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.2.83
- Authors
  - Corinne Catale, University of Li�ge, Belgium
  - Thierry Meulemans, University of Li�ge, Belgium
Working Memory, but Not IQ, Predicts Subsequent Learning in Children with Learning Difficulties

The purpose of the present study was to compare the predictive power of working memory and IQ in children identified as having learning difficulties. The term “working memory” refers to the capacity to store and manipulate information in mind for brief periods of time. Working-memory capacity is strongly related to learning abilities and academic progress, predicting current and subsequent scholastic attainment of children across the school years in both literacy and numeracy. Children aged between 7 and 11 years were tested at Time 1 on measures of working memory, IQ, and learning. They were then retested 2 years later on the learning measures. The findings indicated that working-memory capacity and domain-specific knowledge at Time 1, but not IQ, were significant predictors of learning at Time 2. The implications for screening and intervention are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Articles
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.2.92
- Authors
  - Tracy Packiam Alloway, University of Durham, UK
No Issue Number
Validation of a French Version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)

This research develops a psychometrically sound measure of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001 ) in French (Le Questionnaire du Burnout Sportif, QBS). We first developed a preliminary version and then had 895 French adolescents involved in competitive sport or physical education at school complete the survey. The results showed good internal consistency (all Cronbach’s α values > .75). Confirmatory factor analysis with the three subscales of the ABQ (emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and devaluation) confirmed the structure of the instrument and good data fit (NNFI = .95, CFI = .96, GFI = .95, RMSEA = .07) in accordance with the results obtained in previous studies (e.g., Cresswell & Eklund, 2005a , b ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001 ). Furthermore, the patterns of relationships between the ABQ subscales and motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety provide concurrent validity of the ABQ.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000027
- Authors
  - Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur, CRIS EA 647, Universit� Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
  - Marie Oger, LEI, Universit� Lille, Ronchin, France
  - Emma Guillet, CRIS EA 647, Universit� Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
  - Charles Martin-Krumm, CREAD, IUFM de Bretagne – Ecole interne Universit� de Bretagne Occidentale, Rennes, France
The Development and Initial Validation of a Brief Daily Hassles Scale Suitable for Use with Adolescents

Daily hassles are defined as “irritating, frustrating demands that occur during everyday transactions with the environment” ( Holm & Holroyd, 1992, p. 465 ). They need to be differentiated from significant life events, which refer to “environmental circumstance[s] that [have] an identifiable onset and ending and may carry the potential for altering an individual’s present state of mental and physical well-being” ( Goodyer, 2001, p. 204 ). Significant life events, such as the death of a family member or having a parent move out of home, typically occur infrequently and have readily identifiable onsets and endings. Daily hassles, on the other hand, such as those that come when interacting with family or friends, occur with regular frequency, and have less readily identifiable beginnings and endings. Previous research has suggested that the stress from ongoing daily hassles is detrimental to the wellbeing of adolescents ( Sim, 2000 ), and may be more important than significant life events for psychological adjustment in this population ( Goodyer, 2001 ). Three studies led to the development and initial validation of a brief daily hassles scale that could be used with adolescents. Study 1 drew on hassles identified in existing scales, hassles from the literature, a focus group with adolescents, and expert feedback to generate and finalize 69 daily hassle items. In Study 2, the items were administered to a sample of 212 adolescents. We then used item and exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items to 14, which represented two homogeneous and internally reliable subscales of family and peer/other hassles. In Study 3, the brief daily hassles scale was administered to a second sample of 236 adolescents. Here we tested the initial structure using confirmatory factor analysis and examined construct validity by testing the scale’s relationship with measures of depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000029
- Authors
  - Michalle Wright, School of Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
  - Peter Creed, School of Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
  - Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, School of Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
The French Adaptation of the Short Form of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire

This study developed and validated a French version of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire short form (ATQ; Evans & Rothbart, 2007 ). The ATQ is a self-report instrument that evaluates four temperamental dimensions: negative affect, effortful control, surgency/extraversion, and orienting sensitivity. The French version was elaborated following adaptation and translation procedures that are precisely described. A first sample of 141 young adults completed the ATQ. Internal consistency and test-retest correlations over a 4-week period suggest an adequate reliability, and a confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor solution consistent with the original instrument. Internal consistency and factorial structure were reexamined with a second sample ( N = 385). Criterion-related validity was explored in relation to Big Five model dimensions and yielded results comparable to those of the original instrument. Overall, results indicate a good equivalence between the original and the adapted instrument.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000028
- Authors
  - Olivier Laverdi�re, Universit� de Sherbrooke, Qu�bec, Canada
  - Louis Diguer, Universit� Laval, Qu�bec, Canada
  - Dominick Gamache, Universit� Laval, Qu�bec, Canada
  - David E. Evans, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
Factorial Invariance of Child Self-Report Across English and Spanish Language Groups in a Hispanic Population Utilizing the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children has witnessed significant international growth over the past decade in an effort to improve pediatric health and well-being, and to determine the value of health-care services. In order to compare international HRQOL research findings across language groups, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have an equivalent meaning across the language groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across English- and Spanish-language groups in a Hispanic population of 2,899 children ages 8–18 utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed specifying a five-factor model across language groups. The findings support an equivalent 5-factor structure across English- and Spanish-language groups. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the two languages studied interpreted the instrument in a similar manner. The multigroup CFA statistical methods utilized in the present study have important implications for cross-cultural assessment research in children in which different language groups are compared.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000026
- Authors
  - Daniel A. Newman, Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
  - Christine A. Limbers, Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
  - James W. Varni, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS)
The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Dutch and Italian versions of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) in large community samples of adolescents from Italy (N = 1,975) and The Netherlands (N = 1,521). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the three-factor model, consisting of commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment, provided a better fit to the data than alternative one- and two-factor models. The three-factor model fit equivalently across sex and across age groups (early and middle adolescents). Furthermore, we demonstrated cross-national equivalence of the factor structure of the U-MICS. Additionally, results indicated that the latent means for commitment were higher in the Dutch sample, while latent means for both in-depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment were substantially higher in the Italian sample. The three identity processes were found to be meaningfully related to measures of self-concept, psychosocial problems, and parent-adolescent relations in both countries. These findings suggest that the U-MICS is a reliable tool for assessing identity processes in Italian and Dutch adolescents.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000024</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Elisabetta Crocetti, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Macerata, <location>Italy</location></li><li>Seth J. Schwartz, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, <location>FL, USA</location></li><li>Alessandra Fermani, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Macerata, <location>Italy</location></li><li>Wim Meeus, Research Centre on Adolescent Development, University of Utrecht, <location>The Netherlands</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 26</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/un8787348691/">Volume 26, Number 3 / 2010</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000025
- Authors
  - Marc Vierhaus, University of Bielefeld, Germany
  - Arnold Lohaus, University of Bielefeld, Germany
  - Indra Shah, University of Bielefeld, Germany
The Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resiliency Scale in Chinese Undergraduates

The current study examined the factor structure and the psychometric properties of Sandra Prince-Embury’s Resiliency Scale for Adolescents (RESA) in Chinese undergraduates. A total of 726 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two subsamples: Sample A was used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Sample B was used for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA revealed that 56 items and a model of 10 factors with 3 higher order factors (as described by Sandra) were to be retained; CFA with Sample B confirmed this result. The overall scale and the subscales of the Chinese-RESA demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. Furthermore, concurrent validity was demonstrated by the correlation of the scale with other instruments such as the PANAS and the CSS, and the predictive validity was confirmed via three multiple regression analyses using the PANAS as a criterion variable: one for the 10 subscales of the C-RESA, one for the 3 higher order scales, and one for the total C-RESA. We concluded that the C-RESA may be used for research into Chinese undergraduates’ adaptive behaviors.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000023
- Authors
  - Lixia Cui, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
  - Xiujie Teng, Students Affairs Department, Captial University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China
  - Xupei Li, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
  - Tian P.S. Oei, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
Assessing Multidimensional Exercise Amotivation Among Adults and Older Individuals

The present study reported on the inclusion of a task-characteristics assessment to the Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale (ATES; Vlachopoulos & Gigoudi, 2008 ) and the evaluation of the revised self-report instrument (ATES-2) among physically active Greek-speaking adults and older individuals. The ATES-2 was completed by two samples of 201 and 150 physically active older individuals aged from 50 to 81 years and 781 adult exercise participants aged from 18 to 68 years. For both populations the results revealed a sound factor structure, strong internal consistency, and evidence supporting five correlated factors against five uncorrelated factors, a single factor, and a hierarchical structure. Factor discriminant validity analyses revealed five distinct factors for the older individuals whereas the outcome and value amotivation factors were perceived as indistinguishable for the adult exercise participants. Further, regression analyses provided initial support for the predictive validity of the scale scores. Overall, initial psychometric evidence emerged in support of the ATES-2 scores pointing to a promising instrument for the study of amotivation beliefs in regard to exercise behavior for both physically active adults and older individuals.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 248-255
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000033
- Authors
  - Symeon P. Vlachopoulos, Laboratory of Social Research on Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - Markela Letsiou, Laboratory of Social Research on Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - Anastasia Palaiologou, Laboratory of Social Research on Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - Elisavet T. Leptokaridou, Laboratory of Social Research on Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - Maria A. Gigoudi, 1st Center for Rehabilitation and Protection for the Elderly, Thessaloniki, Greece
The German Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening instrument that addresses positive and negative behavioral attributes of children and adolescents. Although this questionnaire has been used in Germany to gather information from parents and teachers of preschoolers, few studies exist that verify the validity of the German SDQ for this age. In the present study, teacher ratings were collected for 282 children aged 36 to 60 months (boys = 156; girls = 126). Likewise, teacher ratings were collected with another German checklist for behavior problems and behavior disorders at preschool age (Verhaltensbeurteilungsbogen f�r Vorschulkinder, VBV 3–6). Moreover, children’s developmental status was assessed. Evaluation included correlation analysis as well as canonical correlation analysis to assess the multivariate relationship between the set of SDQ variables and the set of VBV variables. Discriminant analyses were used to clarify which SDQ variables are useful to differentiate between children with or without developmental delay in a multivariate model. The results of correlation and discriminant analyses underline the validity of the SDQ for preschoolers. According to these results, the German teacher SDQ is recommended as a convenient and valid screening instrument to assess positive and negative behavior of preschool age children.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 256-262
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000034
- Authors
  - Ulrike Petermann, Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Germany
  - Franz Petermann, Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Germany
  - Ina Schreyer, Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Germany
Factorial and Construct Validity of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire

The psychometric properties of the shortened version of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ; Furman & Buhrmester, 1985 ) were examined in a sample of 428 Dutch adolescents, aged 13 to 16. In order to examine the dimensions Warmth/Closeness and Conflict, as proposed by Furman and Buhrmester, we first conducted confirmatory factor analyses. Second, we investigated the construct validity by correlating Warmth/Closeness and Conflict with internalizing and externalizing behaviors and the quality of relationship with parents. Third, we determined the internal reliability of Warmth/Closeness and Conflict and the underlying qualities by computing Cronbach’s αs. The results confirmed the dimensions Warmth/Closeness and Conflict as major aspects of sibling relationships. Moreover, the construct validity of the instrument and internal consistency for these dimensions and the underlying qualities proved to be good. Our findings underscore the psychometric properties of the SRQ, in that it appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess Warmth/Closeness and Conflict in sibling relationships.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 277-283
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000037
- Authors
  - Marleen M. S. Derkman, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Ron H. J. Scholte, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - William M. Van der Veld, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Rutger C. M. E. Engels, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Initial Validity Evidence for the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 Among Greek Exercise Participants

The present study investigated the factor structure, scale dimensionality, discriminant validity, internal consistency, simplex structure, and nomological validity of the Greek translation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2; Markland & Tobin, 2004 ). A total of 733 Greek exercise participants completed the translated scale to indicate their reasons for participation in structured exercise programs. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the a priori 5-factor structure with strong internal consistency for the instrument subscales. Further support was obtained for the simplex pattern as well as the nomological correlations of the translated BREQ-2 responses with self-determination theory variables. Overall, the results provided initial support for the psychometric value of the Greek translation of the BREQ-2, rendering it appropriate for continued self-determination exercise research among Greek-speaking exercise participants.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 269-276
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000036
- Authors
  - Frederiki C. Moustaka, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - Symeon P. Vlachopoulos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - Spyridoula Vazou, University of Crete, Greece
  - Maria Kaperoni, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  - David A. Markland, Bangor University, UK
Ways to Happiness in German-Speaking Countries

Peterson, Park, and Seligman (2005 ) developed the Orientations to Happiness (OTH) questionnaire to measure three routes to happiness: life of pleasure (hedonism), life of engagement (flow) and life of meaning (eudemonia). The questionnaire was translated into German in several steps (independent translations by five experts, creation of the initial version by committee approach, retranslation, modification, and final version). Data were collected in paper-pencil ( N = 1,152) and Internet samples ( N = 4,174). The OTH scales showed satisfactory internal consistencies (.63 ≤ α ≤ .76) and stability across 6 months (all ≥ .63). The factorial structure of the German OTH was analyzed (RMSEA ≤ .074 and SRMR ≤ .043 for the 3-factor solution) in both samples. Tucker’s Phi coefficients for factorial congruence between the two samples were .99. The three scales were positively intercorrelated. The endorsement of the life of pleasure was higher in younger, unmarried, and nonreligious participants. The life of meaning was more pronounced among the religious participants. There was a good convergence (all > .49) between homologous scale of the self- and peer-form, and the OTH predicted behavior in prototypical pleasure, engagement, and meaning situations. Most importantly, high scores in each of the orientations to happiness corresponded to higher degrees of overall satisfaction with life.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000030
- Authors
  - Willibald Ruch, University of Zurich, Switzerland
  - Claudia Harzer, University of Zurich, Switzerland
  - Ren� T. Proyer, University of Zurich, Switzerland
  - Nansook Park, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  - Christopher Peterson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
On the Risk of Certain Psychotechnological Response Options in Multiple-Choice Tests

Test authors may think about adding the response options “I don’t know the solution” and “none of the other options is correct” in order to reduce a high guessing probability for multiple-choice items. However, in this paper it was expected that different types of personality would use these response options differently, as a consequence of which they would do more or less guessing and, therefore, achieve higher or lower test scores, on average. An experiment was performed based on randomizing participants into two groups, one of them being warned that it is better to admit being unable to solve the item, and the participants were classified according to their personality scores into high-, medium-, and low-scoring. Multivariate analyses of variance (195 pupils between 14 and 19 years) disclosed that only Openness to Experience showed any (moderate) effect, and even this only for a single subtest (Cattell’s culture fair test).
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 302-308
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000040
- Authors
  - Klaus D. Kubinger, Division of Psychological Assessment and Applied Psychometrics, Centre of Testing and Consulting, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
  - Christine Wolfsbauer, Division of Psychological Assessment and Applied Psychometrics, Centre of Testing and Consulting, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
University and School Students’ Motivation for Effortful Thinking

Need for cognition (NFC) reflects a relatively stable trait regarding the degree to which one enjoys and engages in cognitive endeavors. We examined whether the previously demonstrated one-dimensional structure of the German NFC Scale could be replicated in three samples of undergraduates and secondary school students. Moreover, we investigated the test-retest reliability of the German NFC Scale, which has not yet been tested. Further, we investigated whether the scale would be valid in a sample of secondary school students. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses established the one-dimensional factor structure of the long form as well as the short form of the German NFC Scale for undergraduates ( N = 559), students of academic track secondary schools (German Gymnasium; N = 555), and students of vocational track secondary schools (German Realschule; N = 486). The scale proved to have a high test-retest reliability in a university student sample ( N = 43). For secondary school students, we again found a high test-retest reliability ( N = 157), and also found the scale to be valid ( N = 181).
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 263-268
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000035
- Authors
  - Alex Bertrams, University of Mannheim, Germany
  - Oliver Dickh�user, University of Mannheim, Germany
Development of the Remoralization Scale

Remoralization is the process of restoration of morale. Remoralization constitutes an important step in the therapeutic change process. Because no appropriate self-report instrument was available to indicate the level of morale in mental health care, the Remoralization Scale (RS) was developed. In a first study (299 outpatients), a pool of 69 items was examined to produce an initial scale with 16 items with a unidimensional factor structure. In a second study (199 outpatients, 192 nonpatients), the unidimensionality and scalar invariance of the initial scale was tested. To make the RS as short and easy to complete as possible, four items with low factor loadings were removed. In a third study (124 students), the test-retest reliability ( r = 0.89) and internal consistency (α = 0.91) of the RS were estimated. In a fourth study, the construct validity of the RS was investigated using a demoralization scale ( r = –.72) and scales that measure anxiety ( r = –.52), depression ( r = –.50), somatic symptoms ( r = –.36), and social dysfunction ( r = –.37). In a fifth study (23 panic outpatients), the sensitivity of the RS to therapeutic change was examined and found to be good. In closing, limitations of the RS are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 293-301
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000039
- Authors
  - Wiede Vissers, Academic Centre Social Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Ger. P. J. Keijsers, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - William M. van der Veld, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Cor A. J. de Jong, Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Giel J. M. Hutschemaekers, Academic Centre Social Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Testing Reasoning Ability with Handheld Computers, Notebooks, and Paper and Pencil

Electronic devices can be used to enhance or improve cognitive ability testing. We compared three reasoning-ability measures delivered on handheld computers, notebooks, and paper-and-pencil to test whether or not the same underlying abilities were measured irrespective of the test medium. Rational item-generative principles were used to generate parallel item samples for a verbal, a numerical, and a figural reasoning test, respectively. All participants, 157 high school students, completed the three measures on each test medium. Competing measurement models were tested with confirmatory factor analyses. Results show that 2 test-medium factors for tests administrated via notebooks and handheld computers, respectively, had small to negligible loadings, and that the correlation between these factors was not substantial. Overall, test medium was not a critical source of individual differences. Perceptual and motor skills are discussed as potential causes for test-medium factors.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 284-292
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000038
- Authors
  - Ulrich Schroeders, Humboldt-Universit�t zu Berlin, Germany
  - Oliver Wilhelm, Humboldt-Universit�t zu Berlin, Germany
A Historical Analysis of the European Journal of Psychological Assessment

We conducted a historical analysis of the articles published in the first (1992–1996) and last 5 years (2005–2009) of the European Journal of Psychological Assessment ( EJPA ), mainly on the basis of an analysis of abstracts and keywords of articles. We dealt with the impact of EJPA , the main characteristics of its articles, its evolution, and to what extent main features in psychological assessment are represented in the journal. EJPA is a journal with a steadily rising impact factor that is relatively high for the field of assessment. Authorship is mainly European and coauthors usually come from the same country. The personality domain has gained popularity at the expense of cognition and education. Questionnaires are the most often and increasingly popular assessment method; there is also a tendency to employ multiple instruments and methods, and computerized assessment. More recent volumes have fewer substance-oriented and more measurement-oriented studies, notably studies in which validity is addressed by factor-analytic procedures. The incomplete coverage of recent developments in psychological assessment is discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Invited Article
- Pages 238-247
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000032
- Authors
  - Itziar Alonso-Arbiol, University of the Basque Country, Spain
  - Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Volume 26, 2010
Volume 26, 2010<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Volume Information</li><li>Pages 317-321</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000042</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 26</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/x93n30g63072/">Volume 26, Number 4 / 2010</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Judging a Journal by the Impact Factor: Is It Appropriate and Fair for Assessment Journals'

Judging a Journal by the Impact Factor: Is It Appropriate and Fair for Assessment Journals?
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Editorial
- Pages 235-237
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000031
- Authors
  - Karl Schweizer, Editor-in-Chief, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
On the Risk of Certain Psychotechnological Response Options in Multiple-Choice Tests

Test authors may think about adding the response options “I don’t know the solution” and “none of the other options is correct” in order to reduce a high guessing probability for multiple-choice items. However, in this paper it was expected that different types of personality would use these response options differently, as a consequence of which they would do more or less guessing and, therefore, achieve higher or lower test scores, on average. An experiment was performed based on randomizing participants into two groups, one of them being warned that it is better to admit being unable to solve the item, and the participants were classified according to their personality scores into high-, medium-, and low-scoring. Multivariate analyses of variance (195 pupils between 14 and 19 years) disclosed that only Openness to Experience showed any (moderate) effect, and even this only for a single subtest (Cattell’s culture fair test).
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 302-308
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000040
- Authors
  - Klaus D. Kubinger, Division of Psychological Assessment and Applied Psychometrics, Centre of Testing and Consulting, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
  - Christine Wolfsbauer, Division of Psychological Assessment and Applied Psychometrics, Centre of Testing and Consulting, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
Seven-Factor Model of Emotional Intelligence as Measured by Genos EI
In this investigation, a series of progressively more complex factor models was tested based on self-report and rater-report data derived from the workplace version of the Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Genos EI). Based on a total sample of 4775 individual self-reports and 6848 rater-reports, a theoretically derived higher-order 7-factor model of emotional intelligence (EI) was found to be adequately well-fitting, in comparison to a competing global EI single-factor model and a five-factor model of EI. Internal consistency reliabilities associated with the total scale scores were approximately .95 and the subscale score reliabilities were approximately .80. The results are interpreted as largely supportive of a 7-factor model of EI as measured by Genos EI in both self- and rater-report formats.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 309-316</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000041</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Gilles Gignac, Genos, <location>Sydney, NSW, Australia</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 26</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/x93n30g63072/">Volume 26, Number 4 / 2010</a></li> </ul> </ul>
No Issue Number
Erratum
Erratum<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Erratum</li><li>Pages 61-61</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.61</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Evaluation of a Therapeutic Concept Diagram

Documentation used in psychotherapy for quality assurance can be useful, but also time consuming and inflexible. In the process of behavior analysis, therapy planning and conducting therapy, a large amount of clinical data have to be structured and organized. We present an economical documentation method that contains information about the most important causes of problem behavior and expectations about how much certain therapy components will achieve the therapist and client therapy aims. This documentation method can assist therapy planning, serve as a communicative tool for colleagues and supervisors, serve as an educational tool for clients, and be utilized as a self-reflective therapy discourse (quality assurance). The paper describes and pilots the use of a transtheoretical, graphic approach, the therapeutic concept diagram , for the above-mentioned aspects of quality assurance. Four experienced analytic therapists and six experienced cognitive-behavioral therapists documented therapeutic concept diagrams for five clients each. These 50 recorded therapeutic concept diagrams are described. In general, the diagrams were rated as useful for documentation and treatment planning. Ratings of the diagrams as a communicative tool and for a self-reflective therapy discourse were heterogenic, with analytical therapists tending to benefit more. The discussion focuses on application settings and limitations and highlights the heuristic value of assessing idiographic hypotheses.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Special Section: Clinical Case Formulation
- Pages 17-28
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000053
- Authors
  - J�rg M. M�ller, University of M�nster, Germany
The Big Five Inventory (BFI)

The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent-discriminant validity of the Italian translation of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) were assessed in two independent samples of nonclinical adult volunteers (Sample 1: N = 500; Sample 2: N = 316) and in one sample of adolescent volunteers (Sample 3: N = 223). Two adult subsamples ( n = 70, and n = 141, respectively) also provided 2-month retest reliability data. The internal consistency reliabilities were adequate for all five BFI scales (mean α values were .77, .78, and .81 for Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3, respectively); all test-retest correlations were greater than .75 in both adult participant subsamples. Principal component analyses showed that only the first five components of the BFI item correlation matrix could be reproduced safely across the three samples. The BFI scales showed adequate convergent-discriminant validity coefficients in all three samples. These findings suggest that the BFI is a succinct measure of the Big Five personality traits and it provides satisfactory reliability and validity data.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 50-58
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000043
- Authors
  - Andrea Fossati, School of Psychology, San Raffale Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
  - Serena Borroni, School of Psychology, San Raffale Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
  - Donatella Marchione, School of Psychology, San Raffale Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
  - Cesare Maffei, School of Psychology, San Raffale Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
Functional Analysis in Behavioral Medicine

Behavior therapists must often design treatments for individual patients who present with a wide array of psychophysiological disorders and health problems. The functional analysis and functional analytic causal modeling is a learning-based, empirically focused assessment technique used to systematically gather, integrate, and summarize information about the form and function of a patient’s symptoms. A functional analytic case model can be a critical component of effective treatment design because most interventions attempt to modify relationships between causal factors and symptoms. The objectives of this paper are (a) to present a review of the conceptual foundations and essential procedures in the functional analysis; (b) to outline steps required to generate a functional analytic causal model; (c) to explain simple decisional and statistical procedures that can be used to counter intuitive errors; and (d) to demonstrate how functional analytic case models can be used to guide clinical practice and treatment design for persons presenting with disorders observed in medical settings.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Special Section: Clinical Case Formulation
- Pages 4-16
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000052
- Authors
  - William H. O’Brien, Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
  - Victoria Carhart, Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
Clinical Case Formulation

Clinical Case Formulation
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Special Section: Clinical Case Formulation
- Pages 1-3
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000055
- Authors
  - Antonio Godoy, University of Malaga, Spain, and University of Hawai’i at M�noa, USA
  - Stephen N. Haynes, University of Malaga, Spain, and University of Hawai’i at M�noa, USA
Mindfulness or Mindlessness'

The 15 items of the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003 ) are negatively worded and assumed to assess mindfulness. However, there are indications of differences between the original MAAS and a version with the positively rephrased MAAS items (“mirror items”). The present study examines whether the mindfulness facet “mindful attention and awareness” (MAA) can be measured with both positively and negatively worded items if we take method effects due to item wording into account. To this end, the 15 negatively worded items of the MAAS and additionally 13 positively rephrased items were assessed ( N = 602). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) models with and without regard to method effects were carried out and evaluated by means of model fit. As a result, the positively and negatively worded items should be seen as different methods that influence the construct validity of mindfulness. Furthermore, a modified version of the MAAS (MAAS-Short) with five negatively worded items (taken from the MAAS) and five positively worded items (“mirror items”) was introduced as an alternative to assess MAA. The MAAS-Short appears superior to the original MAAS. The results and the limitations of the present study are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 59-64
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000045
- Authors
  - Volkmar H�fling, Department of Psychological Research Methods and Evaluation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
  - Helfried Moosbrugger, Department of Psychological Research Methods and Evaluation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
  - Karin Schermelleh-Engel, Department of Psychological Research Methods and Evaluation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
  - Thomas Heidenreich, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Validity Issues in Cognitive-Behavioral Case Formulation

Despite considerable interest and growth in methods to develop or generate cognitive behavioral case formulations (CBCFs), relatively little conceptual and empirical work has focused on the validation or testing of these formulations. A case formulation can be regarded as an idiographic theory of the person and his or her life situation. This complex set of clinical judgments consists of a measurement model including the behavior problems or distress constructs and how they are measured; and a causal model involving variables such as thoughts or beliefs hypothesized to trigger and maintain this person’s distress or dysfunction. This article describes four types of validity issues in CBCF and how these validity issues can be evaluated using person-specific, intraindividual data collected daily or multiple times a day. Specific topics include the evaluation of content and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity for the measurement model, and the evaluation of predictive and treatment-related validity for the causal model. One goal of the person-specific evaluation of CBCF validity is to develop an intraindividual statistical prediction model that has the advantages of actuarial prediction yet is fine-grained and tailored to the specific issues and life circumstances of greatest relevance for a particular individual. Greater attention to evaluation of validity issues in CBCF is important for future research comparing formulation-based to manualized treatment. Implications and applications to clinical practice and training are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Special Section: Clinical Case Formulation
- Pages 29-49
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000054
- Authors
  - Gregory H. Mumma, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Providing Data for Educational Policy in an International Context: The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
Policy-makers in many nations of the world are involved in educational reforms. In order to make effective educational decisions for the 21st century, policy-makers need information of a wide variety of kinds, for example, comparative performance data and curriculum information from other nations. National assessments can be valuable, but international surveys provide a broader base of information and allow countries to view their current status and planning within an international perspective. The purpose of this paper is to describe the goals of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study and the steps being followed to insure that the results from the study will meet the diverse informational needs of policy-makers.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 49-58</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.49</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Albert E. Beaton, Boston College, <location>USA</location></li><li>Michael O. Martin, Boston College, <location>USA</location></li><li>Ina V.S. Mullis, Boston College, <location>USA</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Item Bias Analysis of the Young Schema-Questionnaire for Psychopathology, Gender, and Educational Level
This study examines the construct validity of the Young Schema-Questionnaire at the item level in a Dutch population. Possible bias of items in relation to the presence or absence of psychopathology, gender, and educational level was analyzed, using a cross-validation design. None of the items of the YSQ exhibited differential item functioning (DIF) for gender, and only one item showed DIF for educational level. Furthermore, item bias analysis did not identify DIF for the presence or absence of psychopathology in as much as 195 of the 205 items comprising the YSQ. Ten items, however, spread over the questionnaire, were found to yield relatively inconsistent response patterns for patients and nonclinical participants.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 65-70</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000044</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Marleen M. Rijkeboer, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, <location>The Netherlands</location></li><li>Huub van den Bergh, Faculty of Humanities, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Utrecht University, <location>The Netherlands</location></li><li>Jan van den Bout, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, <location>The Netherlands</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 27</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/t77r537440p2/">Volume 27, Number 1 / 2011</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Psychometric Properties of the TEA Personality Test

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the TEA Personality Test (TPT) in a sample of 23,062 Spanish adults. The TPT is a self-report questionnaire to be answered using a four-point Likert scale to assess personality at work and it is the third most frequently used tool by work psychologists in Spain. The reliability and validity analyses indicated that the TPT has adequate psychometric properties for the Spanish sample analyzed. Ordinal α was used to calculate the internal consistency reliability of the scales. Results were higher than those of Cronbach’s α reported in the TPT’s technical manual ( p < .001). Results from confirmatory factor analyses showed an acceptable goodness-of-fit for the theoretical three factors of the TPT’s work personality model reported in the technical manual. The findings support the reliability and construct validity of the TPT.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 121-126
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000057
- Authors
 - David Arribas-�guila, Research and Development Department, TEA Ediciones, Madrid, Spain
The German Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)
The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most commonly used measure for life satisfaction. Although there are numerous studies confirming factorial validity, most studies on dimensionality are based on small samples. A controversial debate continues on the factorial invariance across different subgroups. The present study aimed to test psychometric properties, factorial structure, factorial invariance across age and gender, and to deliver population-based norms for the German general population from a large cross-sectional sample of 2519 subjects. Confirmatory factor analyses supported that the scale is one-factorial, even though indications of inhomogeneity of the scale have been detected. Both findings show invariance across the seven age groups and both genders. As indicators of the convergent validity, a positive correlation with social support and negative correlation with depressiveness was shown. Population-based norms are provided to support the application in the context of individual diagnostics.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 127-132</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000058</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Heide Glaesmer, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Gesine Grande, Department of Social Work, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Elmar Braehler, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Marcus Roth, Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, <location>Germany</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 27</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/t45r5748g854/">Volume 27, Number 2 / 2011</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Psychometric Properties of the Icelandic Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in a Clinical and a Student Population

The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a widely used anxiety scale in clinical practice as well as in research. In the present study the objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the BAI in a patient and a student population. There was a total of 1674 participants, 607 outpatients and 1067 students. All participants completed the BAI and a subgroup of the students completed additional measures of anxiety and depression as well. A subgroup of the students also completed the BAI on a second occasion. Most of the patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). All patients were diagnosed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were excellent. Convergent and divergent validity were supported. The BAI showed discriminant validity both with regard to discriminating anxiety disorder patients from other patients and panic disorder patients from other anxiety disorder patients. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed excellent support for a one-factor model in the student population, which was superior to the alternative two- and four-factor models. The four-factor model was, however, supported in the patient population whereas the one- and two-factor models were not. It is concluded that the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the BAI are satisfactory.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 133-141
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000059
- Authors
  - Bragi R. S�mundsson, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
  - Fanney ��rsd�ttir, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
  - Hafr�n Kristj�nsd�ttir, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
  - Dan�el �. �lason, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
  - Jakob Sm�ri, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
  - J�n F. Sigur�sson, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Iceland
ANNOUNCEMENTS
ANNOUNCEMENTS<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Pages 59-61</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.59</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, Table of Contents, Volume 12, 1996
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, Table of Contents, Volume 12, 1996<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Volume Information</li><li>Pages 62-65</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.62</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Towards an Integrated Analysis of Bias in Cross-Cultural Assessment

A central methodological aspect of cross-cultural assessment is the interpretability of intergroup differences: Do scores obtained by subjects from different cultural groups have the same psychological meaning? Equivalence (or the absence of bias) is required in making valid cross-cultural comparisons. As cross-cultural comparisons are becoming increasingly popular and important, the problem of bias and its detection is receiving increased attention from researchers. Three kinds of bias are discussed and illustrated, namely construct bias, method bias, and item bias (or differential item functioning). Methods to identify bias are reviewed. An overview is given of common sources of each kind of bias. It is argued that an integrated treatment of all forms of bias is needed to enhance the validity of cross-cultural comparisons. The predominant focus on item bias techniques has the unfortunate implication that construct and method bias are examined insufficiently.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 29-37
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.29
- Authors
  - Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
  - Ype H. Poortinga, University of Leuven, Belgium
Diagnostic Assessment of Learning Disabilities: From Assessment of Performance To Assessment of Competence

Models underlying diagnostic assessment of learning disabilities are seldom explained and discussed. More often too, those assessments are offered without empirical support. The goal of the current paper is to reflect on the diagnostic assessment of learning disabilities. A distinction can be made between assessments which focus on performance and those which focus on competence. Competence-based diagnostic assessments provide more useful information to practitioners to understand learning disabilities and to organize special education. Historically, the Piagetian theory opened the way to assessments of competence. But the assessments based on Piagetian theory suffer from methodological shortcomings. In this paper, significant changes for diagnostic assessments which are due to the recent development of cognitive psychology are emphasized.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 10-20
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.10
- Authors
  - Jacques Gr�goire, Universit� Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Test Use Among School Psychologists: Past, Current, and Emerging Practices
Current test use with children and youth, principally by school or educational psychologists, is reviewed. Issues discussed include the status of the specialty of school psychology, a brief history of educational and psychological testing, traditional purposes of and common problems associated with test use, and emerging trends. Emphasis is placed on conditions within Europe when possible.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 2-9</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.2</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Thomas Oakland, University of Florida, <location>USA</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Introduction to the Special Issue: Advances in Assessment Practices
Introduction to the Special Issue: Advances in Assessment Practices<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Editorial</li><li>Pages 1-1</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.1</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Ronald K. Hambleton, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, <location>USA</location></li><li>Ingemar Wedman, University of Umea, <location>Sweden</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Measuring Temporal Self-Regulation in Children With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A new parent report measure entitled the Salience, Organization and Management of Time Scale (SOMTS) that assessed the temporal regulation of children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in everyday contexts was developed over three phases (item generation, preliminary validation, and factorial structure). Items were compiled from related earlier instruments plus parental interviews, with final selection determined on the basis of item affectivity indices. The final study was, in part, an online study. Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analyses from a sample of parents of children with ( n = 194) and without ( n = 142) AD/HD indicated a three factor structure of the new instrument (Verbalizing temporal structures, Temporal self-regulation, and Conceptualizing and sequencing time). Significant between-group differences revealed children with AD/HD performed worse on all three factors compared to children without AD/HD. The factors exhibited moderate discriminant validity when used individually and excellent discriminant validity when used in combination. The three distinct and reliable factors identified by the new instrument map well onto themes emphasized in a comprehensive theory of AD/HD and the between-group differences are consistent with the theory’s characterization of a developmental delay in sense of time in young people with the disorder.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 88-94
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000048
- Authors
  - Stephen Houghton, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
  - Kevin Durkin, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
  - Rebecca P. Ang, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  - Myra F. Taylor, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
  - Mark Brandtman, Brandtman Educational Consulting, Sydney, Australia
Measuring Change With Multiple Visual Analog Scales

Although the visual analog scale (VAS) may be useful for measuring change on subjective and potentially transient phenomena, there is concern about the reliability and construct validity of the associated measurement variables. The present study reports evidence for tau-equivalence of change scores associated with VASs designed for assessing tense arousal with synonymous indicators. This psychometric property allows an estimation of the true-score structure of the cross-sectional measurement variables in a longitudinal SEM model, including method effects. Findings suggest that VASs associated with synonymous indicators may yield highly reliable measurement variables. However, imperfect dynamic bipolarity was observed when data based on antonymous indicators were introduced into the analyses, a rather puzzling effect that deserves further elaboration.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 111-120
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000051
- Authors
  - St�phane Vautier, OCTOGONE-CERPP, Universit� de Toulouse, France
The Psychometric Properties of the TCI-140 in Hebrew
The internal reliability as well as structural, convergent, and divergent validity of the Temperament and Character Inventory, brief 140-item version (TCI-140) in Hebrew were examined. The TCI-140 was translated, independently backtranslated, and revised. A total of 1102 community volunteers, over the age of 40, completed the TCI-140 and measures of emotional function, smoking, physical and sexual activity, medical diagnoses, and medical family history. Structural validity and internal reliability were assessed by scale reliability and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); convergent and discriminant validity by correlation with measures of emotional function and health behavior. The temperament trait of Harm Avoidance correlated positively with negative emotion and Alexithymia; and negatively with positive affect, well-being, subjective health assessment, and social support, while the reverse was true for Reward Dependence. The TCI character traits of Self-Directedness and Cooperation were correlated with better subjective feeling and more health behavior. The CFA for Temperament did not support the theoretical and empirical structure found for the English version; the CFA for character gave strong confirmation to the theoretical and empirical structure. The TCI-140 in Hebrew will be useful in assessing normal personality, as well as issues of psychopathology and health.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 73-80</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000046</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Ada H. Zohar, Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, <location>Israel</location></li><li>C. Robert Cloninger, Center for Well-Being, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, <location>St. Louis, MO, USA</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 27</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/t45r5748g854/">Volume 27, Number 2 / 2011</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Is Understanding Why Necessary for Treatment Choices'

Models of the psychodiagnostic process prescribe that clinicians should analyze explanations for their clients’ problems and subsequently use this information to decide upon the most appropriate treatment plan. However, studies of clinical practice suggest that the role of explanations is minimal, and that considering only symptoms gives clinicians enough information to plan treatment. In this experimental study we tested whether different explanations for the same problem are related to different treatment plans. Analyses of the responses given by 151 psychologists for cases of anorexia and conduct disorder in which the explanations were manipulated, suggest that explanations matter. Different explanations for the same constellation of symptoms were related to different treatment plans. This implies that clinical psychologists do not propose a treatment based on symptoms only. Implications of our findings are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 81-87
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000047
- Authors
  - Chantal Berens, Diagnostic Decision Making, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Cilia L. M. Witteman, Diagnostic Decision Making, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Monique O. M. van de Ven, Diagnostic Decision Making, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Context Effects on Test Performance

The effects of varied test order within a computer test battery on test performance were investigated. An experiment was performed to determine whether completing objective personality tests sensu R. B. Cattell affects test performance in subsequent cognitive ability tests and vice versa. The sample consisted of managers of an industrial corporation (an automotive supplier) in “higher management positions” (business managers, department chiefs, and team leaders) who attended an investigation of their professional potential that resembled a real selection situation. It was hypothesized that carry-over and priming effects, as well as fatigue and learning effects might occur. Results of a MANOVA showed a main effect of test order on objective personality tests, since “frustration tolerance” decreased and “decisiveness” increased when objective personality tests were presented subsequent to cognitive ability tests, while cognitive ability tests were not affected by prior objective personality tests.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 103-110
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000050
- Authors
  - Lale Khorramdel, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
  - Martina Frebort, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
Towards an Integrated Testing Service System
In a testing service system (TSS) the activities that play a role in educational and psychological assessment are integrated and, as far as possible, computerized. Such systems will be the basis for test design, administration, analysis, and reporting in the next century. The main activities in a Testing Service System are item banking, item construction, test assembly, test administration, test analysis, and calibration. Testing service systems exist in various forms, ranging from general-purpose software packages to systems especially developed to support specific organizations and the administration of specific tests. With the advent of Windows technology, both individual professionals and testing organizations are more and more in a position to create a tailor-made TSS by linking existing software elements that have the functionality suited to the demands of the situation. In this paper, a number of the considerations that play a role in designing a TSS are described.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 38-48</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.38</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>C. A. W. Glas, University of Twente, <location>The Netherlands</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Item Response Theory Models and Testing Practices: Current International Status and Future Directions٭ ٭,٭
Psychological testing has been undergoing major changes. One of the main changes is the transition from the use of classical to modern test models and methods in test development. The purposes of this paper are to describe the shortcomings of classical test models which are overcome with modern test theory, i.e., item response theory, to introduce the basic concepts of item response theory, to describe several important international applications of item response theory models, and finally, to describe some likely IRT directions in the next century.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 21-28</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.13.1.21</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Ronald K. Hambleton, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, <location>USA</location></li><li>Sharon C. Slater, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, <location>USA</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 13</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/n426646h265r/">Volume 13, Number 1 / 1997</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Assessing Guilt After Traumatic Events

Introduction: The assessment of feelings of guilt has become an important area of psychology research, although few specific tools for their evaluation have been designed to date. One of the instruments available is the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI; Kubany & Haynes, 2001 ), which assesses the cognitive and emotional components of the feelings of guilt that arise following traumatic experiences. Method: We analyzed data from a sample of 650 university students aged between 18.0 and 30.6 years ( M = 21.71; SD = 2.63), using the TRGI, the Brief Symptom Inventory ( Derogatis, 1993 ), and the Distressing Event Questionnaire ( Kubany, 2001 ). Results: The proposed adaptation of the TRGI to a Spanish population demonstrated more than satisfactory criterion validity. A three-factor model from a confirmatory factor analysis was tested, and the factor structure of the original scale was confirmed by an exceptionally high level of internal validity. Discussion: Our results show that the TRGI is an effective tool for assessing guilt after traumatic life events in the Spanish-speaking context.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000071
- Authors
  - Noem� Pereda, Departament de Personalitat, Avaluaci� i Tractament Psicol�gics, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  - Mila Arch, Departament de Personalitat, Avaluaci� i Tractament Psicol�gics, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  - Maribel Per�, Departament de Metodologia de les Ci�ncies del Comportament, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  - Joan Gu�rdia, Departament de Metodologia de les Ci�ncies del Comportament, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  - Maria Forns, Departament de Personalitat, Avaluaci� i Tractament Psicol�gics, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Adaptation of a German Multidimensional Networking Scale into English

Networking refers to building and maintaining personal contacts in order to obtain resources that, in turn, enhance one’s career success and work performance. This study reports the translation and adaptation of a multifaceted German networking scale ( Wolff & Moser, 2006 ) into English and focuses on the equivalence of the two language versions. Going beyond the often used translation-backtranslation method, we used a parallel translation-backtranslation method in combination with two expert committees to arrive at the English scale version, aiming to obtain at least structural equivalence. We utilize a bilingual sample ( N = 76) as well as monolingual samples from the US ( N = 174) and Germany ( N = 228) to examine the equivalence following the three steps suggested by Robin, Sireci, and Hambleton (2003 ). First, psychometric properties of the scales were satisfactory and comparable across the language versions. Second, weighted multidimensional scaling supported our assumption that structural equivalence holds. Finally, an analysis of differential item functioning (DIF) showed no, or negligible, DIF for 40 items, and moderate or large DIF for only 4 items.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000070
- Authors
  - Hans-Georg Wolff, University of Erlangen-N�rnberg, Germany
  - Corina I. Schneider-Rahm, University of Mainz, Germany
  - Monica L. Forret, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, IA, USA
Construct Validation of the Test of Emotional Intelligence (TEMINT)

This research seeks to further validate the Test of Emotional Intelligence (TEMINT), an ability-based measure of emotional reasoning skills that has accrued an impressive record of validating evidence. With a sample of 192 university students, Study 1 showed that TEMINT was associated most closely with the “understanding emotion” branch of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT – Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002 ). Study 2 was a longitudinal study with 71 employees over 2 years. TEMINT moderated both the getting-ahead motive – income relationship, and the getting-ahead motive – perceived marketability relationship, giving empirical support to the social facilitator role of emotional reasoning skills. Implications and limitations are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-8
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000075
- Authors
  - Gerhard Blickle, University of Bonn, Germany
  - Tassilo Momm, University of Bonn, Germany
  - Yongmei Liu, Illinois State University, USA
  - Alexander Witzki, University of Bonn, Germany
  - Ricarda Steinmayr, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Some Thoughts Concerning the Recent Shift from Measures with Many Items to Measures with Few Items
Some Thoughts Concerning the Recent Shift from Measures with Many Items to Measures with Few Items<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Editorial</li><li>Pages 71-72</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000056</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Karl Schweizer, Editor-in-Chief</li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 27</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/t45r5748g854/">Volume 27, Number 2 / 2011</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Understanding Phoneme Segmentation Performance by Analyzing Abilities and Word Properties
Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between phoneme segmentation ability and early reading performance, but so far it is unclear which abilities are involved, and which word properties contribute to the difficulty level of a segmentation task. Using a sample of 596 Dutch children, we investigated the abilities involved in segmenting the phonemes of 45 pseudowords that differed with respect to several properties. First, we found that a combination of short-term memory and speech perception explained variation in segmentation performance. Second, we found that a limited number of word property effects explained the difficulty level of pseudowords rather well. Finally, we constructed a high-reliability scale for measuring segmentation ability.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 95-102</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000049</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Samantha Bouwmeester, Erasmus University Rotterdam, <location>The Netherlands</location></li><li>Elisabeth H. M. van Rijen, Erasmus University Rotterdam, <location>The Netherlands</location></li><li>Klaas Sijtsma, Tilburg University, <location>The Netherlands</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 27</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/t45r5748g854/">Volume 27, Number 2 / 2011</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Development and Construct Validation of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

In this study, we developed and evaluated a Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI; imbardo & Boyd, 1999 ). The original version of the ZTPI was extended by including a Future Negative scale, and the psychometric properties of both versions were examined in a sample of 419 adults aged between 18 and 80 years. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided support both for the original five-factor solution proposed by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999 ) in a Swedish sample and for a six-factor solution with the Future Negative scale as an independent factor. These findings extend the original ZTPI and suggest that negative feelings about the future constitute a central dimension of the temporal perspective. The Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) provides a reliable and valid instrument for measuring time perspective in the context of Swedish research and to be beneficial in its application in multiple areas of psychology and related disciplines.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-8
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000076
- Authors
  - Maria Grazia Carelli, Department of Psychology, Ume� University, Ume�, Sweden
  - Britt Wiberg, Department of Psychology, Ume� University, Ume�, Sweden
  - Marie Wiberg, Department of Statistics, Ume� University, Ume�, Sweden
The Assessment of Emotional Awareness in Children
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) is a widely used scenario-based instrument that has been developed for the measurement of emotional awareness in adults. Although the LEAS has been validated in numerous studies, published validity research on the recently developed child version (LEAS-C) is scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity of the Dutch LEAS-C in a sample of 318 children, aged 10 to 17 years. Outcomes revealed novel structural evidence in favor of alternative design-driven modeling. Further, the pattern of relationships with ability- and trait-oriented emotional intelligence, intelligence, personality, social and emotional impairment, and gender was generally consistent with previous theorizing and adult studies on the LEAS. Reasons for absence of age differences are discussed. In conclusion, this study corroborates the construct validity of the LEAS-C and highlights the importance of fully exploring the LEAS-C in its potential. Directions for future research are proposed.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 1-9</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000073</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Elke Veirman, Ghent University, <location>Belgium</location></li><li>Symen A. Brouwers, Ghent University, <location>Belgium</location></li><li>Johnny R. J. Fontaine, Ghent University, <location>Belgium</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul> </ul>
The Psychosocial Treatment Expectations Questionnaire (PTEQ) for Alcohol Problems

High dropout rates from treatment for alcohol-related problems are a problem for treatment delivery. Outcome expectations of treatment attendance are motivational aspects of treatment adherence. Since no method to put such expectations into operation has been found, we developed the Psychosocial Treatment Expectations Questionnaire (PTEQ) to assess the expectations of people receiving such psychosocial treatments. PTEQ development and early validation relied on data from 151 clients. A two-dimensional questionnaire assessing treatment purpose and atmosphere, and impact on daily life was developed, showing acceptable levels of reliability (α = 0.85 for the overall score, and 0.80 and 0.77 for the two scales, respectively). The PTEQ overall score significantly detected differences in expectations between those who remained in, and those who dropped out of treatment. On average, the dropouts had lower treatment expectations than those who remained in treatment. Validity for populations other than alcohol misusers and for treatments delivered exclusively through individual sessions, needs to be further examined.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-9
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000077
- Authors
  - Jos� Carlos de Carvalho Leite, Post-graduate Program in Psychology, UNISINOS, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil
  - N�dio Seminotti, Faculty of Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  - Paulo Fontoura Freitas, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian�polis, Brazil
  - Maria de Lourdes Drachler, Faculty of Medicine, Lutherian Unversity of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
Indirect Assessment of Implicit Disgust Sensitivity
We propose a single-block, single-target, Implicit Association Test (SB-ST-IAT) for measuring implicit disgust sensitivity. Based on dual process theories, we tested the construct validity of this new measure using a sample of N = 75 participants. Incremental validity of the newly developed SB-ST-IAT was demonstrated using a disgust sensitivity questionnaire as a direct measure of disgust sensitivity, as well as two behavioral criteria. A controlled approach versus avoidance task with disgusting stimuli (worms) was employed as a measure of controlled behavior. Facial disgust expression and withdrawal of hands and upper body from the disgust stimuli were used as indicators of automatic behavior. Implications of our research for the validation of indirect measures are discussed.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 1-7</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000078</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Axel Zinkernagel, University of Koblenz-Landau, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Wilhelm Hofmann, University of Chicago, <location>IL, USA</location></li><li>Friederike X. R. Dislich, Technical University of Munich, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Tobias Gschwendner, University of Koblenz-Landau, <location>Germany</location></li><li>Manfred Schmitt, University of Koblenz-Landau, <location>Germany</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul> </ul>
The Portuguese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)

Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most popular and widely investigated instruments for assessing the severity of depressive symptomatology. The authors developed a Portuguese version of the inventory. This paper presents two studies: one with a college student sample ( n = 547) and another with a community sample ( n = 200). Reliability, factor structure, and validity data were obtained. The Portuguese version presents a good internal consistency, a factor structure very similar to the one obtained by Beck, Steer, and Brown (1996 ) with the original version, and presents an adequate convergent validity with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis provides support for the fit of a two-factor model.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000072
- Authors
  - Rui C. Campos, Department of Psychology, University of �vora, Portugal
  - Bruno Gon�alves, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ-R)

This article presents the development and validation of the Polish version of the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire – Revised (ICQ-R; Buhrmester, 2002 ; Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg & Reis, 1988 ). A total of 372 pupils and students (222 women and 150 men) aged 18–25 were studied. The instrument’s five-factor structure was confirmed and its reliability was satisfactory. Construct validity was investigated with respect to the NEO-FFI and to information on the participants’ relationship experiences and satisfaction with life. The majority of the ICQ-R scales correlated positively with Extraversion and Conscientiousness and negatively with Neuroticism. Participants who had never been in a romantic relationship were less interpersonally competent than participants who had such an experience. Competence was also related to the duration of the longest relationship and the number of relationships. Life satisfaction correlated positively with all the ICQ-R scales except Conflict Resolution.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 186-192
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000066
- Authors
  - Magdalena G�rska, Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
On the Changing Role of Cronbach’s α in the Evaluation of the Quality of a Measure

On the Changing Role of Cronbach’s α in the Evaluation of the Quality of a Measure
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Editorial
- Pages 143-144
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000069
- Authors
  - Karl Schweizer, Editor-in-Chief
Psychometric Evaluation of the College Adjustment Self-Efficacy Scale for Turkish University Students

The purpose of the study was to investigate the applicability of the College Adjustment Self-efficacy Scale (CASES) to a Turkish sample. The CASES ( Hirose, Wada, & Watanabe, 1999 ) measures the degree of confidence in the basic skills necessary to complete one’s college career. A total of 492 freshman students at Middle East Technical University aged 16–29 years filled in the Turkish translation of the CASES, which included 21 items. The α coefficient for the Turkish version of CASES was .82 and CASES correlated – .35 with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The sum of the 21 item scores was used as the CASES score. Confirmatory factor analysis of the CASES showed that the scale consisted of three factors: Self-controlled persistence of activities, Judgmental ability based on objective information, and Self-adjustment in human relations.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 153-156
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000061
- Authors
  - M�ge �elik �r�c�, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
  - Ayhan Demir, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Testing the Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) in Chile

The psychometric properties of Davis’ (1980) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) in Chile were assessed. The IRI was applied to a sample of 435 college students. Appropriate internal consistencies and test-retest stability resulted. The instrument’s validity was evidenced by the interrelations among the scales, in addition to its correlations in the predicted direction to other related psychological constructs, and sex differences emerged in three of its dimensions. A confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the theoretical structure of the IRI in Chile, and the suitability of both the four-factor model and a second order factor that integrates three of the dimensions . The implications and comparison of the results with other adaptations of the IRI are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 179-185
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000065
- Authors
  - Ana Maria Fern�ndez, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
  - Michele Dufey, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
  - Uwe Kramp, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Task and Relationship Conflict at Work

The distinction between task and relationship conflict is well established. Based on Jehn’s (1995) intragroup conflict scale, we developed an economic six-item questionnaire for assessing relationship and task conflict in work groups. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data from a convenience sample ( N = 247), and confirmed the original two-factor solution. The stability of the obtained two-factor solution was supported by confirmatory factor analysis in a longitudinal design with a second sample ( N = 431) from the industrial sector. In line with previous research, the two types of conflict were intercorrelated. Moreover, the two subscales showed differential longitudinal effects on team outcomes. Task conflict was beneficial for performance in nonroutine tasks (but not in routine tasks). Relationship conflict had a negative impact on team viability and coworker trust.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 171-178
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000064
- Authors
  - Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, Technische Universit�t Braunschweig, Germany
  - Anna Grohmann, Technische Universit�t Braunschweig, Germany
  - Simone Kauffeld, Technische Universit�t Braunschweig, Germany
No Issue Number
Detection of Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction Among Patients with Acquired Brain Injuries
The Word Memory Test (WMT) is one of the most sensitive forced-choice tests available designed to evaluate negative response bias (NRB). Presently there is no valid verbal test designed to evaluate NRB for Hebrew-speaking patients. The aims of the present study were to validate the response bias measures of the WMT among Hebrew-speaking patients with acquired brain injuries and to reveal the malingering base rate among Israeli patients involved in compensation-seeking. Participants were 112 patients. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) was used for convergent validity and injury related variables were used for concurrent validity. A translated version of the WMT had high split-half reliability. Regarding convergent validity, WMT effort measures had high positive correlations with the TOMM. Moreover, based on TOMM cutoff scores for classification, the WMT had reasonable classification rates. Regarding concurrent validity, multivariate logistic regression revealed that failure in the WMT was significantly predicted by normal brainscans and involvement in compensation-seeking behavior. The baserate of probable malingering was 34%. These findings emphasize the universality of the WMT in detecting NRB and establishing a malingered neurocognitive dysfunction baserate among Israeli patients involved in compensation-seeking.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 1-10</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000154</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Omer Hegedish, The National Institute for the Rehabilitation of the Brain Injured Person, <location>Tel Aviv, Israel</location></li><li>Dan Hoofien, The National Institute for the Rehabilitation of the Brain Injured Person, <location>Tel Aviv, Israel</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>
Online ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul> </ul>
Reliability and Validity of the German Version of the Young Schema Questionnaire – Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3)

To date, the psychometric properties of the German version of the Young Schema Questionnaire – Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3) have not yet been examined. We investigated the reliability and validity of the German version of the YSQ-S3. In a community sample of 1,150 participants and a clinical sample of 30 psychiatric inpatients, we performed reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analyses, and tested for group differences using analysis of variance. The YSQ-S3 proved to be reliable and corresponded to the theoretically proposed 18-dimensional structure. Schema scores were positively associated with measures of psychopathology and personality disorder, indicating convergent validity. Furthermore, the YSQ-S3 differentiated between participant subgroups defined by level of health-care utilization, supporting discriminant validity. We conclude that the YSQ-S3 is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used in German-speaking countries in research on early maladaptive schemas. Further research is necessary particularly in larger clinical samples.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-8
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000143
- Authors
  - Levente Kriston, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
  - Janina Sch�fer, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
  - Gitta A. Jacob, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
  - Martin H�rter, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
  - Lars P. H�lzel, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
Psychometric Properties of the Romanian Version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire

This research investigated the psychometric properties and the convergent and divergent validity of the Romanian version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) at the factor-level. The ZKPQ assesses the five basic factors of Zuckerman’s alternative five-factor model (AFFM). Study 1 ( n = 449) assessed the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the ZKPQ and verified its factorial structure. The factors reliability ranged from .69 to .88, and gender differences were similar to those found in the Spanish, French, and Chinese samples. Exploratory factor analysis supported the replicability of the original five-factor structure, and correlations between the scales showed that the five basic factors of the AFFM are relatively independent. Study 2 ( n = 238) verified the convergent and divergent validity of the Romanian version of the ZKPQ, by testing its links with DECAS, a personality inventory based on the five-factor model, developed and well-validated on the Romanian population. The results showed good convergent and divergent validity, with all identified correlations supporting the correspondence between the two personality models. Overall, the present findings showed that the Romanian version of the ZKPQ is a valid tool for assessing personality traits according to the AFFM.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-12
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000152
- Authors
  - Paul S�rbescu, Psychology Department, West University of Timişoara, Romania
  - Alexandra Neguţ, Psychology Department, West University of Timişoara, Romania
Self-Reported Functional Status
Functional status is an understudied, yet important, modifiable risk factor in a number of chronic illnesses. This topic has not yet been studied extensively for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates the relationship of functional status to mental health and health perceptions among patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. A sample of 144 patients was recruited, consisting of 84 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and 60 patients in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Measurements were conducted with the following instruments: the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 1/STAI 2), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC). Functional status was associated negatively with all subscales of the GHQ-28 (somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, severe depression) and the GHQ-28 total score. It was also related negatively to depression, as measured by CES-D scale, as well as to state and trait anxiety, and positively to internal health locus of control. The present study demonstrates the importance of functional status in understanding the health perceptions of patients with CKD and the contribution of functional status to mental health.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 1-7</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000155</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Paraskevi Theofilou, Department of Psychology, Panteion University, <location>Athens, Greece</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>
Online ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul> </ul>
Assessing Individual Differences in Basic Computer Skills

A definition of basic computer skills (BCS) is proposed and the psychometric properties of a newly developed BCS scale are investigated. BCS is defined as the ability and speed of performing basic actions in graphical user interfaces of computers to access, collect, and provide information. BCS is thus considered a basic component skill of the much broader construct of ICT literacy. Data from the German PISA 2009 field trial was used to determine the factor structure of the BCS scale as well as convergent and discriminant validity. The latent factor structure underlying the BCS scale was investigated by testing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models for response times and responses. CFA results suggest that there is one dimension of BCS speed and BCS ability, respectively. With respect to convergent validity, practical computer knowledge and skill in digital reading had strong associations with BCS speed and ability. With respect to discriminant validity, only moderate associations were found with lower level reading skills and self-reported computer skills. Differences between BCS speed and ability and further developments of the BCS scale are discussed.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-13
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000153
- Authors
  - Frank Goldhammer, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Centre for International Student Assessment (ZIB), Frankfurt, Germany
  - Johannes Naumann, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Centre for International Student Assessment (ZIB), Frankfurt, Germany
  - Yvonne Ke�el, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Centre for International Student Assessment (ZIB), Frankfurt, Germany
Self-Efficacy in Regulating Positive and Negative Emotions

Perceived self-efficacy in emotion regulation facilitates various aspects of psychosocial adjustment. The Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy scale (RESE) by Caprara and Gerbino (2001 ) measures perceived capabilities to express positive emotions (POS) and to manage negative emotions, namely, despondency/distress (DES) and anger/irritation (ANG). The present research investigated the validity of the RESE scale in Germany. Study 1 investigated the factor structure and convergent validity of the scale in a sample of university students. In order to test the generalizability of findings from Study 1, in Study 2 we studied the factor structure, cross-gender invariance, and convergent validity of a slightly revised version of the scale in a sample of parents. The previously found factor structure was successfully replicated in both samples. Partial invariance on the scalar level was confirmed across gender. All self-efficacy subscales were positively correlated with life satisfaction and with reappraisal (a cognitive emotion regulation strategy). Suppression, a strategy of regulating emotional expression, was negatively related to POS. Findings suggest that the RESE scale is a valid instrument to assess emotion regulation self-efficacy in German-speaking samples.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-8
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000151
- Authors
  - Catherine Gunzenhauser, University of Freiburg, Germany
  - Tobias Heikamp, University of Konstanz, Germany
  - Maria Gerbino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy
  - Guido Alessandri, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy
  - Antje von Suchodoletz, University of Freiburg, Germany
  - Laura Di Giunta, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy
  - Gian Vittorio Caprara, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Italy
  - Gisela Trommsdorff, University of Konstanz, Germany
On Issues of Validity and Especially on the Misery of Convergent Validity
On Issues of Validity and Especially on the Misery of Convergent Validity<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Editorial</li><li>Pages 249-254</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000156</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Karl Schweizer, Editor-in-Chief</li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>
Online ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 28</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/g2052208518k/">Volume 28, Number 4 / 2012</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Volume 28, 2012
Volume 28, 2012<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Volume Information</li><li>Pages 329-336</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000157</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>
Online ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 28</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/g2052208518k/">Volume 28, Number 4 / 2012</a></li> </ul> </ul>
An Examination of the Structure and Stability of Early Maladaptive Schemas by Means of the Young Schema Questionnaire-3

The Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) assesses early maladaptive schemas (EMS) that underlie a variety of psychological disorders. Since its creation by Young, several versions of this questionnaire have been developed. The Young Schema Questionnaire-3 (YSQ-3; Young, 2006 ) adds three new schemas (approval-seeking, punitiveness, and pessimism/negativity) in addition to the previous versions. This study examines the structure, consistency, stability, and concurrent validity of the YSQ-3 in a sample of Spanish students ( n = 971, 54% females). The participants completed the YSQ-3 together with measures of depression, social anxiety, and hostility. A subsample of 351 was followed up 6 months later. The results support the structure of 18 EMS for the YSQ-3. However, the results for the second-order structure are mixed. Whereas the disconnection and rejection and the impaired autonomy domains are well supported, evidence for the other domains is limited, and results suggest that these domains may be integrated into one common domain. Finally, consistent with their content, EMS were associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility, and showed relative stability over time.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-8
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000158
- Authors
  - Esther Calvete, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
  - Izaskun Orue, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
  - Zahira Gonz�lez-Diez, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
How Much Do We Know About Our Own Cognitive Control'

The paper investigates whether self-report and performance measures of executive control yield comparable results. We report an empirical study in which the answers to a self-report questionnaire on executive control were compared with the results of three computerized tests of cognitive control. Both the questionnaire and the computerized tests covered three dimensions of executive control, namely, prepotent response inhibition, task switching, and goal monitoring (goal maintenance). The results are rather surprising and negative: The relationships between performance and self-report measures of executive control were either weak or insignificant. Moreover, they tended to disappear when age of participants was controlled. We conclude that people are basically unable to assess the strength of their own cognitive control. However, the two types of assessment tool might analyze different aspects of individual differences in executive control and should therefore be considered in research and practical applications.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 240-247
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000147
- Authors
  - Edward Nęcka, Jagiellonian University, Krak�w, Poland
  - Bogumiła Lech, Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
  - Natalia Sobczyk, Jagiellonian University, Krak�w, Poland
  - Magdalena Śmieja, Jagiellonian University, Krak�w, Poland
Validation of the German Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the German version of the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS-G), which was administered in a large representative German sample ( N = 1,611). In order to examine convergent validity, we also asked participants to answer the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). To investigate the discriminant validity, clients of fitness centers ( N = 129), sport students ( N = 85), and medical students ( N = 129) filled out the EDS-G. In this German population-based sample, the seven-factor structure suggested by the original authors as well as a higher-order model (7 + 1 factor model) were supported. The total EDS-G scale showed an excellent internal reliability and was positively related to the EDE-Q total and subscale scores. The EDS-G scores differentiated between samples with varying degrees of exercise. In summary, the results indicate that the EDS-G is a psychometrically sound and potentially valid brief measure for the assessment of exercise dependence symptoms.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000144
- Authors
  - Astrid M�ller, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
  - Laurence Claes, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
  - Dirk Smits, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
  - Olaf Gefeller, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
  - Anja Hilbert, Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany
  - Antonia Herberg, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
  - Verena M�ller, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
  - Dirk Hofmeister, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
  - Martina de Zwaan, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
Measurement of Metacognitive Knowledge of Self, Task, and Strategies in Mathematics
The present study investigated the validity of the Metacognitive Knowledge in Mathematics Questionnaire (MKMQ), which taps the (1) metacognitive knowledge of the self (easiness/fluency vs. difficulty/lack of fluency the person has had in the past in basic mathematical notions); (2) the metacognitive knowledge of tasks (easy/low demands vs. difficult/high demands mathematical tasks), and (3) the metacognitive knowledge of strategies (cognitive/metacognitive strategies, competence-enhancing strategies, and avoidance strategies that serve coping with lack of fluency in mathematical task processing). The MKMQ was first administered to 311 junior high school students (grades 7 and 9) and then to 214 university students for crossvalidation. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the presence of 7-first-order interrelated factors. In both samples the convergent validity was tested correlating the seven factors with measures of self-concept in mathematics and mathematical ability. Predictive ability was tested using regression analyses in which the criterion variables were mean performance and feelings of difficulty in the processing of three mathematical problems. The findings support the theoretical claim that experience of difficulty is playing a critical role in the organization of metacognitive knowledge.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 227-239</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000145</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Anastasia Efklides, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, <location>Greece</location></li><li>Symeon P. Vlachopoulos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, <location>Greece</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>
Online ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 28</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/np01n4w0q628/">Volume 28, Number 3 / 2012</a></li> </ul> </ul>
A Spanish Adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003 ) is widely used to assess individual differences in reappraisal and suppression. The present study tests the psychometric properties, reliability, and validity of a Spanish adaptation of the ERQ on a broad sample of participants of Spanish nationality aged 18–80 years (38% males, 62% females). Results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed the expected two-factor structure. Results also indicated adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. In terms of affective functioning, reappraisal use was positively associated with positive emotion, whereas suppression use was negatively associated with positive emotion. In terms of social functioning, reappraisal use was positively associated with social functioning, whereas suppression use was negatively associated with social functioning. These findings suggest that the Spanish version of the ERQ is a valid instrument for evaluating strategies of emotion regulation in the Spanish-speaking population, and can be used for laboratory and applied studies.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000150
- Authors
  - Rosario Cabello, University of M�laga, Spain
  - Jos� M. Salguero, University of M�laga, Spain
  - Pablo Fern�ndez-Berrocal, University of M�laga, Spain
  - James J. Gross, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Age Differences and Measurement Invariance of Working Memory in 5- to 12-Year-Old Children

In this study, we investigated working memory structure and measurement invariance of working memory in children between 5 and 12 years. In a sample of 1,669 children, we administered a battery of 12 computer-based working memory subtests. We found the same tripartite structure of working memory with a phonological loop, a visual-spatial sketchpad, and a central executive in the age groups 5–6 years, 7–9 years, and 10–12 years; interrelations of the latent factors were invariant across the age groups. Only the relationships between the phonological loop and the central executive were weaker in the 5- to 6-year-olds than in the older age groups. The results corroborate the tripartite working memory model developed by Baddeley (1986 ) and show that the functional relationships between working memory components are mostly invariant through childhood. In addition, the findings indicate that future research should focus on extending the model by a fourth factor representing inhibition.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-10
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000149
- Authors
  - K. Michalczyk, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt a. M., Germany
  - N. Malst�dt, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt a. M., Germany
  - M. Worgt, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt a. M., Germany
  - T. K�nen, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt a. M., Germany
  - M. Hasselhorn, German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Frankfurt a. M., Germany
No Issue Number
Reliability and Construct Validity of a Child Self-Report Instrument

Both clinicians and researchers agree on the value of self-report in child mental health assessment. The pictorial format of the computerized Dominic Interactive is an addition to the existing questionnaires, specifically concerning young children. Although prior studies on the Dominic Interactive reported favorable psychometric properties, the reliability was not always satisfactory for every scale, and no studies confirmed the proposed DSM-IV factor structure of the Dominic Interactive. This study examines these two psychometric aspects using a sample of 1,504 Dutch primary-school children aged 6–13 years. α was computed and compared with ω, an alternative index of reliability. CFA was conducted as was the measurement invariance at a configural, scalar, and metric level across both age and sex. The results showed that ω values were above .80, indicating good to high reliability for all scales. The DSM-IV factor structure was confirmed and proved to be identical across age groups and among both boys and girls in this sample. These findings lay the foundation for the meaningful use of the norms needed in clinical practice. They also contribute to the increasing value of the Dominic Interactive as a self-report instrument in child mental health screening.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-8
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000166
- Authors
  - Rowella C. W. M. Kuijpers, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Roy Otten, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Ad A. Vermulst, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  - Rutger C. M. E. Engels, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Lost in Translation: Thoughts Regarding the Translation of Existing Psychological Measures Into Other Languages
Lost in Translation: Thoughts Regarding the Translation of Existing Psychological Measures Into Other Languages<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Editorial</li><li>Pages 81-83</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000167</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Matthias Ziegler</li><li>Doreen Bensch</li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 29</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/t64225k81u61/">Volume 29, Number 2 / 2013</a></li> </ul> </ul>
CALL FOR MEMBERSHIP
CALL FOR MEMBERSHIP<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Pages 290-290</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 22</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/xl78m45h6220/">Volume 22, Number 4 / 2006</a></li> </ul> </ul>
APPLICATION FORM
APPLICATION FORM<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Pages 289-289</li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 22</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/xl78m45h6220/">Volume 22, Number 4 / 2006</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Psychometric Properties of the 44-Item Version of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale

This study examined the factorial validity and reliability (Ω w ) of the nonreversed, 44-item version of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS; Ryff, 1989 ) on a Romanian convenience sample of 664 participants from the general population. The results showed that the correlated six-factor model presented a relatively good fit, χ�(887) = 2922.85, p < .001, RMSEA = .059, RMSEA 90% CI = [.056; .062], SRMR = .048, CFI = .973, compared to single-factor and independent six-factor models. Based on the ΔCFI value, we found no significant differences between the correlated six-factor and the hierarchical model. Although the correlated six-factor model had a relatively good fit, the high correlations between the six latent factors suggest a high overlap among them. Our results indicate that well-being can be conceptualized as a second-order factor encompassing six dimensions, represented by autonomy, positive relations, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. The value of the Ω w reliability coefficient of the six subscales as well as the whole instrument was above .70. The present study has a practical implication by highlighting the factorial validity of a shorter (44-item) instrument, thus shortening the time necessary for data collection.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-7
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000163
- Authors
 - �va K�llay, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
 - Claudia Rus, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Four Years of EJPA in Retrospection and Perspectives for the Future
Four Years of EJPA in Retrospection and Perspectives for the Future<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Editorial</li><li>Pages 1-2</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000162</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Matthias Ziegler</li><li>Karl Schweizer</li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Volume Volume 29</li> </ul><ul class="details"> <li>Journal Issue <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/x067577x1513/">Volume 29, Number 1 / 2013</a></li> </ul> </ul>
Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form Among Divorced Adults

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Portuguese version of the Short Form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF). Using an online convenience sample of Portuguese divorced adults ( N = 482), we confirmed the oblique five-factor structure of the PTGI-SF by confirmatory factor analysis. The results demonstrated the measurement invariance across divorce initiator status groups. Total score and factors of PTGI-SF showed good internal consistency, with the exception of the New Possibilities factor, which revealed an acceptable reliability. The Portuguese PTGI-SF showed a satisfactory convergent validity. In terms of discriminant validity, posttraumatic growth assessed by the Portuguese PTGI-SF was a distinct factor from posttraumatic psychological adjustment. These preliminary findings suggest the cultural adaptation and also psychometric properties of the present Portuguese PTGI-SF to measure posttraumatic growth after personal crisis.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-12
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000161
- Authors
  - Diogo Lamela, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
  - B�rbara Figueiredo, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
  - Alice Bastos, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal
  - Helena Martins, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
The Bifactor Model of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a frequently used instrument developed for screening childhood mental health problems. The aim of this study is to clarify the structure of the Hungarian version of SDQ, to test previous measurement models, and to propose an alternative bifactor model. Data were collected from a community sample of 8–13-year-old children. We conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses on parent ( n = 383) and teacher ratings ( n = 391). The classic five-factor, an alternative three-factor, and a bifactor model were estimated. In the bifactor model, specific components refer to the five SDQ-traits, and the General Problems factor refers to an impression about the problem severity of the child. For both informants, the bifactor model yielded the best fit to the data compared to other models. Childhood behavioral problems can be best described as a multidimensional construct, which has implications regarding the screening procedure in various samples.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-9
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000160
- Authors
  - Andrea K�bor, Doctoral School of Psychology, E�tv�s Lor�nd University, Budapest, Hungary
  - �d�m Tak�cs, Doctoral School of Psychology, E�tv�s Lor�nd University, Budapest, Hungary
  - R�bert Urb�n, Institute of Psychology, E�tv�s Lor�nd University, Budapest, Hungary
Psychometric Properties of a New Measure of Parental Self-Efficacy for Promoting Healthy Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Children
There is a lack of validated measures of parental self-efficacy (PSE) covering both physical activity and dietary behaviors in children which can be used to prevent childhood obesity. This study developed a new measure of PSE for promoting healthy physical activity and dietary behaviors in children and assessed its psychometric properties. Participants were mothers (n = 2,232) with 3-year-old first-born children living in Stockholm, Sweden. The mothers responded to questionnaires measuring PSE, locus of control, and self-esteem. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure, interpreted as PSE for promoting healthy dietary behaviors in children (Factor 1), PSE for limit-setting of unhealthy dietary or physical activity behaviors in children (Factor 2), and PSE for promoting healthy physical activity behaviors in children (Factor 3). The factor model was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the new PSE measure were high; discriminant validity was adequate. The Parental Self-Efficacy for Promoting Healthy Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Children Scale (PSEPAD) shows promise as a valuable instrument in childhood obesity prevention.<ul> <li>Content Type Journal Article</li><li>Category Original Article</li><li>Pages 1-8</li><li>DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000159</li><li>Authors<ul> <li>Benjamin Bohman, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, <location>Stockholm, Sweden</location></li><li>Ata Ghaderi, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, <location>Stockholm, Sweden</location></li><li>Finn Rasmussen, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, <location>Stockholm, Sweden</location></li> </ul></li> </ul><ul class="parents"> <ul class="details"> <li>Journal <a href="http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/120231/">European Journal of Psychological Assessment</a></li><li>Online ISSN 2151-2426</li><li>Print ISSN 1015-5759</li> </ul> </ul>
The Empirical Versus DSM-Oriented Approach of the Child Behavior Checklist

The DSM-oriented approach of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a relatively new classification of problem behavior in children and adolescents. Given the clinical and scientific relevance of the CBCL, this study examines similarities and dissimilarities between the empirical and the DSM-oriented approach of the CBCL. We used data from 7,852 children aged 5 and 6 years, whose parents completed the Dutch version of the CBCL/4–18. Spearman rank order correlations, kappas, and logistical regressions were used to examine the similarities and dissimilarities between empirical and DSM-oriented scales of the CBCL. For Total Problems, Internalizing Problems, and Externalizing Problems, we found a substantial agreement between the two approaches of the CBCL. The DSM-oriented syndromes showed a slight overlap with the empirical syndrome scales. With regard to Total Problems, Internalizing Problems, and Externalizing Problems, the same child and family characteristics were associated with elevated scores in both approaches: sex, ethnicity, parental educational level, family composition, and the physician’s identification of the child’s psychosocial problems. Our study shows that both approaches of the CBCL are meaningfully related, but do not identify exactly the same groups of children as deviant. Future studies should explore the differences between the two approaches by examining the correlates and predictive power of both types of scales.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-9
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000164
- Authors
  - Marianne S. de Wolff, TNO Child Health, Leiden, The Netherlands
  - Anton G. C. Vogels, TNO Child Health, Leiden, The Netherlands
  - Sijmen A. Reijneveld, TNO Child Health, Leiden, The Netherlands
Agree or Disagree?

Consensus obtained in personality judgments based on thin slices of behavior was examined by manipulating the shared meaning of the traits being judged, the accountability for the judgments, and the amount of target information. 160 judges rated a total of 60 teachers on the Big Five personality dimensions. Consensus was approached from a judge and from a target perspective. A shared meaning had a negative effect on consensus in Extraversion ratings. Accountability had a consistently negative effect across consensus perspectives. A positive effect for amount of target information was found for Neuroticism. Additionally, it was shown that, under different conditions, judgments were based more or less on shared stereotypes. Results suggest that the degree to which we agree on our judgments of others can easily be manipulated by external influences, thus involving significant practical implication for various contexts.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Category Original Article
- Pages 1-9
- DOI 10.1027/1015-5759/a000165
- Authors
  - Johanna Pretsch, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
  - Nina Heckmann, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
  - Barbara Flunger, Eberhard Karls University of T�bingen, Germany
  - Manfred Schmitt, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany